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The HAARP project aims to direct a 3.6
MW signal, in the 2.8-10 MHz region of
the HF band, into the ionosphere. The
signal may be pulsed or continuous.
Then, effects of the transmission and
any recovery period can be examined using associated instrumentation,
including VHF and UHF radars, HF
receivers, and optical cameras.
According to the HAARP team, this will
advance the study of basic natural
processes that occur in the ionosphere under the natural but much stronger
influence of solar interaction, as well
as how the natural ionosphere affects
radio signals. This will enable scientists
to develop techniques to mitigate
these effects in order to improve the reliability and/or performance of
communication and navigation
systems, which would have a wide
range of applications in both the
civilian and military sectors, such as an
increase in the accuracy of GPS navigation, and advancements in
underwater and underground
research and applications. This may
lead to improved methods for
submarine communication and the
ability to remotely sense the mineral content of the terrestrial subsurface,
among other things. One application
would be to map out the
underground complexes of countries
such as Iran and North Korea. The
current facility lacks the range to reach these countries, but the research could
be used to develop a mobile platform.
[4] The HAARP program began in
1990. The project is funded by the
Office of Naval Research and jointly
managed by the ONR and Air Force Research Laboratory, with the
principal involvement of the University
of Alaska. Many other universities and
educational institutions have been
involved in the development of the
project and its instruments, namely the University of Alaska (Fairbanks),
Stanford University, Penn State
University (ARL), Boston College, UCLA,
Clemson University, Dartmouth
College, Cornell University, Johns
Hopkins University, University of Maryland, College Park, University of
Massachusetts, MIT, Polytechnic
Institute of New York University, and
the University of Tulsa. The project's
specifications were developed by the
universities, which are continuing to play a major role in the design of
future research efforts. According to HAARP's management,
the project strives for openness and all
activities are logged and publicly
available. Scientists without security
clearances, even foreign nationals, are
routinely allowed on site. The HAARP facility regularly (once a year on most
years according to the HAARP home
page) hosts open houses, during
which time any civilian may tour the
entire facility. In addition, scientific
results obtained with HAARP are routinely published in major research
journals (such as Geophysical
Research Letters, or Journal of
Geophysical Research), written both
by university scientists (American and
foreign) or by US Department of Defense research lab scientists. Each
summer, the HAARP holds a summer-
school for visiting students, including
foreign nationals, giving them an
opportunity to do research with one
of the world's foremost research instruments.
Research HAARP's main goal is basic science
research of the uppermost portion of
the atmosphere, known as the
ionosphere. Essentially a transition
between the atmosphere and the
magnetosphere, the ionosphere is where the atmosphere is thin enough
that the sun's x-rays and UV rays can
reach it, but thick enough that there
are still enough molecules present to
absorb those rays. Consequently, the
ionosphere consists of a rapid increase in density of free electrons,
beginning at ~70 km, reaching a peak
at ~300 km, and then falling off again
as the atmosphere disappears entirely
by ~1000 km. Various aspects of
HAARP can study all of the main layers of the ionosphere. The profile of the ionosphere,
however, is highly variable, showing
minute-to-minute changes, diurnal
changes, seasonal changes, and year-
to-year changes. This becomes
particularly complicated near the Earth's poles, where a host of physical
processes (like auroral lights) are
unlocked by the fact that the
alignment of the Earth's magnetic field
is nearly vertical. On the other hand, the ionosphere is
traditionally very difficult to measure.
Balloons cannot reach it because the
air is too thin, but satellites cannot
orbit there because the air is still too
thick. Hence, most experiments on the ionosphere give only small pieces of
information. HAARP approaches the
study of the ionosphere by following
in the footsteps of an ionospheric
heater called EISCAT near Tromsø,
Norway. There, scientists pioneered exploration of the ionosphere by
perturbing it with radio waves in the
2-10 MHz range, and studying how
the ionosphere reacts. HAARP
performs the same functions but with
more power, and a more flexible and agile HF beam. Posted o
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